Ancient Greek Theatre

Greek theatre began in the 6th century BC with the performance of tragedies during religious festivals in Athens. Greek tragedies were swiftly followed by popular comedy plays and the two genres dominated the era. Understanding Ancient Greek Theatre is important as it underpins the development of many future genres and theatrical techniques. This guide explores the development of Ancient Greek Theatre, the key traits of Greek tragedy and comedy, and some of the most popular playwrights of the era.

Terminology

Drama and Performance:

• Agon: the second part of a Greek comedy in which the principal actors indulge in a witty debate.
• Dionysia Festival: a large festival held in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus. Theatrical performances of tragedies and comedies were central to the festivities.
• Exodus: the final part of a Greek comedy, featuring a song and dance routine from the Chorus.
• Greek Chorus: a group of actors who sang, danced, and commented on the action in unison.
• Parabasis: the third part of a Greek comedy. Here, the chorus speaks directly to the audience.
• Parados: the first part of a Greek comedy, in which the chorus performed several song and dance routines.
• Satyr Play: a short tragicomedy based upon mythology. Usually boisterous and bawdy.

Technology:

• Katablemata: Painted curtains that could be rolled up and unfurled to represent a new scene.
• Orchestra: A round, stage floor on ground level at the bottom of a hill. A raised stage was later included for easier viewing.
• Paradoi: Aisles that the chorus and certain actors would use to enter if they were supposed to be coming from outside the temple or palace.
• Periaktoi: Rotating prismatic constructions found at each side of the central door for rapid change of scenery.
• Skene:The structure at the back of the stage, which developed over time from a tent to a permanent building.
• Theatron: The seating area for the audience, built into the sides of a hill.

Key Dates & Events

• c. 525 BCE - c. 456 BCE - Life of Aeschylus.
• c. 496 BCE - c. 406 BCE - Life of Sophocles.
• c. 484 BCE - 407 BCE - Life of Euripides
• c. 460 BCE - c. 380 BCE - Life of Aristophanes