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Topeng
c.1000 - Present Day
Introduction
Topeng is a masked dance-drama, originating in the Indonesian island of Java. Music, dance, mime, and song are used to stage a dramatic and visually exciting mingling of history, religion, and topical events. There are several regional variations of Topeng, but they all follow the same, fundamental premise. Topeng remains one of the most popular dance entertainments in Indonesia and its style and technique is studied in universities. This guide explores the historical origins of Topeng, the traditional storylines portrayed, and the types of masks used within the performance.
Terminology
- Java: one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia and the world’s most populous island.
- Kiprah: a dance telling the story of King Klana, who has fallen in love with Princess Candra Kirana.
- Mahābhārata: an ancient Sanskrit epic.
- Rāmāyaṇa: an ancient Sanskrit epic.
- Topeng Batavia: a relaxed interpretation of the genre with elements of slapstick comedy.
Key Dates & Events
- 1058 - The first literary reference to the genre appeared.
- 1365 - Prapañcā wrote the epic poem Nagarakretagama, which describes King Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit as an accomplished topeng dancer.
Context & Analysis
Topeng is believed to have developed from early shamanistic burial rites and the first literary reference to the genre appeared in 1058. Topeng is thought to have been very popular in the kingdoms of East Java during the eleventh and twelfth centuries and two distinct forms soon developed: court and village performance. While “major” court topeng was impressive and
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Alexandra Appleton
Writer, editor and theatre researcher