Peking (Beijing) Opera

Peking Opera (also called Beijing Opera) is a synthesis of many forms of traditional Chinese theatre and performance. It is very stylized and strict in its performance style and theatrical space. This guide explores the history and development of the genre, focusing on the specific roles, movement, and expressions used throughout the performance. It also explores the standard staging and music used in Peking Opera.

Terminology

• Chou: clown roles in Peking Opera.
• Dan: the female roles in Peking Opera, further subdivided into Qing yī (gentle maidens), hua dan (loud and vivacious women), wu dan (female warriors), and lao dan (old women).
• Jing: also known as the “painted face” roles, these roles include a variety of characters including warriors, gods, demons, and courtiers.
• Jinghu: a Chinese bowed string instrument.
• Jingxi: a unified form of song, dance, acrobatics, and martial arts.
• Pipa: a four-string plucked Chinese lute.
• Sheng: the male roles in Peking Opera, further subdivided into lao sheng (old men), xiao sheng (young men), and wu sheng (warriors).
• UNESCO: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Key Dates & Events

• 1790 - Birthday celebration for Emperor Qian Long brings together many regional styles in Jingxi.
• 1845 - Peking Opera is established as its own art and performance form.
• 1912 - The ban on female performers lifted.
• 2010 - Peking Opera is designated an Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.