Drama Glossary

A strong, specific verb used by actors to define what their character is doing or trying to achieve in a scene. Examples include “to persuade,” “to seduce,” or “to threaten.” Using action verbs helps actors play intentions more actively and truthfully.

A performer who portrays a character on stage, in film, or on television. An actor uses voice, movement, and emotional expression to bring scripted roles to life and tell a story through performance.

An actor who is intentionally placed in the audience to appear as a regular spectator. They may be used for surprise entrances, audience interaction, or comedic effect, often blurring the line between performance and reality.

The labor union representing professional theatre actors and stage managers in the United States. Founded in 1913, AEA negotiates wages, working conditions, and benefits for its members in live theatre.

A renowned acting school and membership organization founded in 1947 in New York City. The Actors Studio is known for promoting method acting and has trained legendary performers such as Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, and Ellen Burstyn.

The major divisions of a play. A full-length play is often split into two or three acts, each containing several scenes. Acts help organize the structure of the story and mark key turning points in the plot.

Short for ad libitum (Latin for “at one’s pleasure”), this refers to unscripted lines or dialogue improvised by an actor during performance. Ad libs are often used to cover mistakes, respond to unexpected moments, or add spontaneity.

A version of a play, book, or story that has been altered to fit a different medium, style, or audience. For example, a novel adapted into a stage play or a classic play rewritten in a modern setting. Adaptations maintain the core elements of the original while introducing new creative elements.

A compulsive dependence on a substance or behavior, often despite harmful consequences. In drama, addiction is a common theme explored in character development and storytelling, offering insight into personal struggle, vulnerability, and transformation.

A French word meaning “farewell” or “goodbye.” In dramatic scripts—especially classical or poetic works—adieu is used as a formal or emotional way for characters to part, often signaling finality or sorrow.

A judge or evaluator in a theatre competition, festival, or educational setting. An adjudicator provides feedback on performances, assesses acting, directing, and design elements, and often selects winners or gives awards based on established criteria.

A change or refinement made to an actor’s performance based on direction or interpretation. Adjustments can relate to tone, volume, pacing, physicality, or emotional intent, and are often given by a director to better align a performance with the vision of the production.